Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 Ps of marketing?

The correct response identifies "Process" as not being one of the traditional 4 Ps of marketing, which consist of Product, Promotion, Price, and Place. The 4 Ps framework is a foundational concept in marketing strategy used to define the key components that influence consumer decision-making.

"Product" refers to the goods or services offered to meet consumer needs, encapsulating aspects like design, quality, and features. "Promotion" encompasses the activities that communicate the product's benefits and persuade customers to make a purchase, which can include advertising, public relations, and sales promotions. "Place" involves how and where the product is made available to consumers, focusing on distribution channels and locations.

Including "Process" in this context is misleading since, while it is an essential part of delivering a service or product in broader business models, it does not fit within the classic 4 Ps framework. Thus, recognizing that "Process" is excluded from the list solidly anchors our understanding of the core marketing principles.